Science Education, Secondary Biology

American Politics and the U.S. Constitution examines the evolution of representative government in the United States and the changing interpretations of the civil rights and civil liberties protected by the Constitution. This course will give candidates an understanding of the powers of the branches of the federal government, the continual tensions inherent in a federal system, the shifting relationship between state and federal governments, and the interactions between elected officials and the ever-changing electorate. This course will focus on such topics as the role of a free press in a democracy, the impact of changing demographics on American politics, and the debates over and expansion of civil rights. Upon completion of the course, candidates should be able to explain the basic functions of the federal government, describe the forces that shape American policy and politics, and be better prepared to participate in America’s civic institutions. This course has no prerequisite.

Welcome to Composition: Successful Self-Expression! In this course, you will focus on four main topics: professional writing for a cross-cultural audience, narrowing research topics and questions, researching for content to support a topic, and referencing research sources. Each section includes learning opportunities through readings, videos, audio, and other relevant resources. Assessment activities with feedback also provide opportunities to check your learning, practice, and show how well you understand course content. Because the course is self-paced, you may move through the material as quickly or as slowly as you need to gain proficiency in the seven competencies that will be covered in the final assessment. If you have no prior knowledge or experience, you can expect to spend 30-40 hours on the course content. You will demonstrate competency through a performance assessment. There is no prerequisite for this course and there is no specific technical knowledge needed.

Technology and Ethics: Emerging Trends and Society explores the intersection of ethical thinking and technological innovations. A foundational introduction to ethical frameworks is applied to emerging trends in technology, including artificial intelligence, social media, and other forms of digital media. This course examines the impact of technology on our understanding of self, as well as the individual’s role in interacting with others in a globalized society. The course helps students gain the ability to recognize ethical actions within the context of current and newly evolving technological landscapes. This course has no prerequisites.

Quantitative Literacy views real-world problems through the lens of quantitative reasoning. The application of quantitative concepts to topics such as financial decisions is explored. Algebraic models and functions, as well as principles of geometry, are reviewed as fundamental ways to explore real-life scenarios. The use of mathematical concepts as a tool for modeling and understanding everyday problems is leveraged to promote students' thinking of math as a useful and relevant tool for many situations and scenarios. Numeracy and quantitative thinking skills are developed through these applications.

Introduction to Systems Thinking and Applications provides learners with the skills required to engage in a holistic systems-based approach to analyzing complex problems and solutions. This course introduces the foundational concepts and principles of systems thinking and provides opportunities to use a systems thinking approach to analyze and evaluate real-world case studies. The course will culminate with using systems thinking to develop a solution to an authentic complex problem. This course has no prerequisites, but general education math (C955 or C957) is preferred. Because the course is self-paced, learners may move through the material as quickly or as slowly as needed, with the goal of demonstrating proficiency in the five competencies covered in the final assessment. If learners have no prior knowledge of this material, they can expect to spend 30 to 40 hours on the course content.

Welcome to Composition: Writing with a Strategy! In this course, you will focus on three main topics: understanding purpose, context, and audience, writing strategies and techniques, and editing and revising. In addition, the first section, will offer review on core elements of the writing process, cross-cultural communication, as well as working with words and common standards and practices. Each section includes learning opportunities through readings, videos, audio, and other relevant resources. Assessment activities with feedback also provide opportunities to check your learning, practice, and show how well you understand course content. Because the course is self-paced, you may move through the material as quickly or as slowly as you need to gain proficiency in the seven competencies that will be covered in the final assessment. If you have no prior knowledge or experience, you can expect to spend 30-40 hours on the course content.

Welcome to Introduction to Communication: Connecting with Others! It may seem like common knowledge that communication skills are important, and that communicating with others is inescapable in our everyday lives. While this may appear simplistic, the study of communication is actually complex, dynamic, and multifaceted. Strong communication skills are invaluable to strengthening a multitude of aspects of life. Specifically, this course will focus on communication in the professional setting, and present material from multiple vantage points, including communicating with others in a variety of contexts, across situations, and with diverse populations. Upon completion, you will have a deeper understanding of both your own and others’ communication behaviors, and a toolbox of effective behaviors to enhance your experience in the workplace.

Assessing and Monitoring Student Learning is a targeted course crafted for candidates who aim to enhance their skills in evaluating student progress and educational outcomes. This course provides an in-depth exploration of various assessment techniques, including formative and summative assessments, standardized tests, benchmark assessments, progress monitoring, and alternative assessment strategies. Participants will learn how to design effective assessment tools, interpret data to inform instruction, and provide meaningful feedback to students. This course also provides a foundation of data analysis that supports educators’ need to understand data and present data to stakeholders. Candidates will also explore online and digital assessment tools. Assessing and Monitoring Student Learning will prepare learners to align assessments to standards to monitor student learning, assess data, and provide on time and quality feedback.

Creating Positive Learning Environments delves into the key elements that contribute to creating and maintaining a positive learning atmosphere for educators focused on fostering supportive and productive classroom climates. The course teaches effective communication, classroom norms and routines, and positive behavior supports. Emphasizing the importance of a safe and inclusive environment, the course also explores methods to promote student engagement, collaboration, and mutual respect among all learners. It also addresses the role of mental well-being in learning, exploring trauma-informed and restorative practices, which are addressed in relation to online and hybrid learning environments. Through a blend of theoretical frameworks and practical applications including case studies, Creating Positive Learning Environments teaches learners how to develop and sustain environments that not only enhance academic performance but also support the holistic development of students.

Instructional Technology and Online Pedagogy is an innovative course designed to equip students with the skills to effectively integrate technology in their teaching practices. The course also covers best practices for online pedagogy, assessment and feedback, collaborative learning, and the use of multimedia and interactive elements to enhance learning experiences. With a focus on practical application, students will leave the course ready to create and facilitate compelling, high-quality online learning experiences that meet the needs of today's diverse learners. This course also provides a foundation for supporting digital literacy in K–12 education. In addition, this course prepares students to use technology to improve professional productivity and effectiveness in areas like data analysis and data representations.

Personalized Learning for Inclusive Classrooms empowers educators to create more inclusive and effective learning environments. This course focuses on the principles and strategies of personalized learning, emphasizing the need to value and support the unique needs, interests, and abilities of each learner. The course provides a foundation for learner characteristics of learners with exceptionalities and other unique learning needs. This course helps candidates develop skills for partnering with parents and families to advocate for all students with exceptionalities, including those impacted by provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Multitiered systems of support are addressed to prepare candidates for their future classrooms as they seek to select appropriate instructional practices and interventions to best serve their learners. These factors are also addressed in relation to online and hybrid learning environments.

The Professional Educator prepares WGU students to excel in the exciting and impactful profession of being an educator. Additionally, the course addresses the importance of continuous professional development and ethical considerations in teaching through the School of Education (SOE) Professional Dispositions and Ethics. Upon completion of the course, WGU students will be equipped with the tools and insights needed to continue their professional journey of becoming effective, inspiring, and adaptive educators, capable of making a significant impact in the lives of their students and the broader educational community. (This is not a transferable course.)

Learners and Learning Science provides WGU students with a deep understanding of the science behind learning processes. This course covers a broad spectrum of topics pertaining to the science of learning, including cognitive development, learning theories, neuroscience in education, and the impact of developmental milestones on learning. Students will explore how these concepts apply to learning environments and educational levels, from early childhood through adolescence. The course emphasizes evidence-based practices and the practical application of learning science principles, equipping students with strategies to enhance learning outcomes and student engagement. This course aims to empower educators to create more effective, inclusive, and engaging learning experiences for all learners.

Planning Instructional Strategies for Meaningful Learning is a dynamic course designed for educators seeking to deepen their understanding of instructional planning and the execution of educational strategies that foster meaningful learning experiences. This course provides candidates with the knowledge and skills necessary to create engaging and standards-aligned lessons that meet the needs of all students. This course also covers a range of high-leverage instructional practices to increase student learning, engagement, and achievement. Participants will learn to utilize assessments to inform instruction, adapt teaching to accommodate all students, and incorporate technology to enhance learning.

This General Physics course covers fundamental concepts, including Newton’s Laws, forces, motion, energy, waves, electricity, and magnetism, with real-world applications and insights into relativity and quantum theory. Learners will study measurement, forces and motion, Newton’s Laws, centrifugal and centripetal forces, friction, gravity, momentum, collisions, vectors, wave motion, energy, thermodynamics, and electromagnetic waves. Skills developed include scientific literacy, physical science application, systems thinking, and scientific reasoning.

This course is a foundational introduction to the biological sciences. The overarching theories of life from biological research are explored as well as the fundamental concepts and principles of the study of living organisms and their interaction with the environment. Key concepts include how living organisms use and produce energy; how life grows, develops, and reproduces; how life responds to the environment to maintain internal stability; and how life evolves and adapts to the environment.

General Chemistry I introduces foundational principles of chemistry, starting at the atomic level and expanding to the behavior of elements within the periodic table. This course explores how atoms bond to form molecules and proceeds into chemical reactions, acids and bases, solutions, and nuclear reactions. Students will gain a comprehensive understanding of stability and change in chemical processes. This course highlights the practical aspects of chemistry, providing insights into how chemical principles underpin everyday phenomena and contribute to our understanding of environmental processes.

This comprehensive survey course provides a foundational understanding of Earth's position in the universe and its dynamic systems. Students will explore Earth's placement within the solar system, including the effects of its orbit, origin, and celestial interactions on tides and seasons. The course delves into Earth's subsystems—geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere—focusing on their interactions and impacts on weather, climate, and geological processes like weathering, erosion, and soil formation. Additionally, the course examines natural phenomena such as earthquakes and volcanoes, and the significant influence of human activities on Earth's systems, addressing topics such as resource management, land use, pollution, and sustainability. Through interactive simulations, multimedia resources, and real-life applications, students will engage in interdisciplinary thinking and develop a deep appreciation for the scientific methods, theories, and laws that underpin Earth science.

The Earth Science I Lab course equips students with skills to conduct scientific investigations in Earth science. Students will apply the scientific method, design controlled experiments, and follow lab safety protocols. They will gain experience with data collection methods, including field observations, experiments, and virtual simulations of phenomena like erosion. The course emphasizes analyzing weather, climate, and seismic data using basic techniques. It also covers essential aspects of identifying and analyzing the components of a lab report by answering questions related to a simulated lab report. Students will learn to interpret data, draw conclusions, and communicate findings effectively, preparing them for advanced Earth science studies and research.

In this lab that follows the General Physics course, learners will develop the ability to conduct scientific investigations to answer questions using experimentation in the field of physics. The section emphasizes the application of the scientific method to solve problems, analyze data from experiments, and draw conclusions. Students will also learn to accurately summarize their findings and perform tasks with attention to detail. Throughout the lessons, students will engage in activities designed to enhance their scientific reasoning and written communication skills, ensuring they can effectively explain their results. They will practice identifying interconnections within systems. The course provides a foundational understanding of experimental techniques and data analysis, preparing learners to conduct independent investigations and apply their knowledge in real-world contexts.

This course focuses on developing foundational skills in scientific investigation within the field of biology. It emphasizes the application of the scientific method to answer biological questions through hypothesis-driven experimentation. Students will learn to design, execute, and analyze biological experiments, ensuring adherence to rigorous scientific protocols and ethical standards. The course also covers essential aspects of identifying and analyzing the components of a lab report by answering questions related to a simulated lab report. Throughout the course, students will cultivate critical thinking skills necessary for interpreting data, drawing conclusions, and proposing further research directions in biology.

General Chemistry I Lab focuses on developing foundational skills in scientific investigation in chemistry. It emphasizes the application of the scientific method to answer chemistry questions through hypothesis-driven experimentation. Students will learn to design, execute, and analyze chemistry experiments, ensuring adherence to rigorous scientific protocols and ethical standards. The course also covers essential aspects of scientific communication, including writing clear and structured scientific reports and effectively presenting experimental findings. Throughout the course, students will cultivate critical thinking skills necessary for interpreting data and drawing conclusions.

Probability and Statistics offers candidates a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental principles of probability theory and statistical analysis, specifically designed for educators and aspiring statisticians. Beginning with the basics, students will explore essential concepts such as probability rules, conditional probability, and counting techniques, learning how to apply these in real-world contexts and effectively communicate them to K-12 students. Students will then learn sampling methods and estimation techniques, equipping them with the knowledge to gather, analyze, and interpret representative data for statistical analysis. Finally, students will focus on hypothesis testing and statistical inference, where they will learn to conduct and interpret various tests, including confidence intervals, using statistical software. Through a blend of interactive simulations, scenario-based challenges, and reflective activities, this course prepares students to apply these statistical tools in educational settings and beyond, fostering data-driven decision-making and effective teaching practices.

The Secondary Biology course offers a comprehensive understanding of biological principles and processes, starting from the fundamental cellular structures and functions to the complexities of ecosystem dynamics. Students will delve into key topics such as genetics, evolution, and ecological interactions, gaining insights into the diversity of life and the interconnectedness of biological systems. The course emphasizes critical thinking and problem-solving skills, enabling learners to analyze biological phenomena and apply their knowledge to real-world challenges. Through a blend of theoretical knowledge and practical application, students will engage in hands-on activities, scenarios, and case studies to deepen their understanding. Additionally, the course highlights the impact of environmental changes on ecosystems, fostering an appreciation for conservation and sustainability. By the end of the course, learners will be well-prepared to address various biological challenges and pursue further studies or careers in the field of biology education.

Molecular Biology is designed to deepen the understanding of the intricate processes that govern life at the molecular level. This course explores the structure and function of key molecules involved in DNA replication, transcription, translation, and gene regulation. It delves into the mechanisms of cellular transport, differentiation, and regulation, examining how cells maintain their internal environment and respond to external signals. The biochemical pathways essential for metabolism and energy flow, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, are thoroughly covered. This course equips educators with the knowledge and skills to effectively teach molecular biology concepts in the classroom, emphasizing evidence-based applications and critical thinking.

Cell Biology examines the fundamental principles and techniques that underpin the structure, function, and growth of cells, encompassing cellular components, the cell cycle, and genetic information flow. The course emphasizes the importance of cellular processes and techniques such as microscopy, cell culture, genetic engineering, and bioinformatics, highlighting their relevance in understanding cellular biology's role in health and disease. This course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of how cells maintain homeostasis, metabolize, and perform specialized functions.

Evolutionary Biology provides a comprehensive exploration of key concepts and mechanisms of evolution. Students will learn about the evidence supporting evolution, including fossils and molecular data, the mechanisms driving evolutionary change like natural selection and genetic drift, and the historical and contemporary factors influencing the diversity of life. The course also addresses the importance of biodiversity conservation and equips educators with strategies to effectively teach evolutionary concepts in the classroom, emphasizing evidence-based applications and critical thinking.

This General Biology II course is designed to prepare learners for teaching biology at the high school level by providing an in-depth understanding of cellular structures, the processes of mitosis and meiosis, and the mechanisms of communication and information processing within organisms. Students will explore the complexities of cell differentiation, the roles of different brain regions, and how organisms respond to environmental stimuli through interactive activities and simulations. The course emphasizes the integration of foundational concepts with real-world applications, helping future educators build a comprehensive knowledge base. By the end of the course, students will be well-equipped to teach key biological processes and understand their significance in the growth, development, and survival of living organisms.

Genetics is an introductory course for undergraduate students seeking licensure or endorsement in secondary or middle grade science education. This course addresses the basic principles of heredity and the function of molecular genetics. Topics include Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance, gene regulation, and variation at the individual level. The course examines modern technologies and applications of genetics.

Advanced Zoology & Botany with Lab is an in-depth exploration of advanced topics in zoology and botany, including the study of animal and plant physiology, ecology, evolution, and taxonomy. This course will engage students in virtual, hands-on laboratory exercises to develop practical skills in virtual or hands-on lab activities, data collection, and analysis. This course builds on concepts from General Biology I and II, and Evolutionary Biology and contains instructional teaching strategies for classroom delivery.

General Ecology offers an in-depth exploration of how ecosystems function and interact. Candidates will study both biotic and abiotic factors that play crucial roles in sustaining ecological balance. Key topics include the flow of energy through food chains and webs, nutrient cycling, and the dynamics of populations—covering growth models, carrying capacity, and factors influencing population size and structure. The course examines species interactions such as competition, predation, and symbiosis, and explores community structure and biodiversity. Candidates will learn about primary and secondary succession and how these processes shape ecosystems over time. Additionally, the course addresses conservation principles and practices, with a focus on analyzing human impacts on ecosystems and exploring strategies for sustainability. Through this course, candidates will gain a comprehensive understanding of the intricate web of life that sustains our planet.

Three Dimensional Science and Engineering focuses on developing a comprehensive understanding of science and engineering pedagogical knowledge. This course is the first of three science teaching methods courses and provides a robust foundation in integrating disciplinary core ideas, crosscutting concepts, and science and engineering practices in phenomena-based curriculum and instruction. Candidates will delve into planning learning experiences, designing instructional strategies, and utilizing phenomena-based teaching to promote engagement and understanding. Reflective practices, such as evaluating observed teaching, analyzing personal teaching methods, and reviewing course content, are emphasized to foster continuous improvement. The course will be assessed via an integrated performance assessment task, requiring candidates to demonstrate their instructional skills.

Secondary Literacy Methods & Interventions utilizes MTSS to equip educators with evidence-based strategies to address adolescents' reading challenges through the Multi-Tiered System of Supports Model. Candidates learn to identify, monitor, and provide differentiated instruction, integrating screening tools and progress monitoring to enhance comprehension. The course emphasizes the development of personalized intervention plans while utilizing reading assessments for informed instructional decisions. By completion, candidates compile intervention strategies supporting learners across MTSS tiers, fostering inclusive environments for academic success.

Advanced Clinical provides aspiring educators with real-world classroom experience. This course emphasizes the importance of hands-on learning, offering candidates the unique opportunity to observe and participate in classroom environments under the guidance of experienced mentors. The curriculum includes demonstrating reflective practice, classroom engagement techniques, instructional strategies, and effective communication skills with students and colleagues through a pedagogical performance assessment. Through this immersive experience, candidates not only observe the daily responsibilities of a teacher, but also start to develop their own teaching style and philosophy, laying a solid foundation for their future careers in education. This course is taken immediately prior to Student Teaching I as part of an engaging and intensive clinical experience.

Early Clinical Experiences is a pivotal course designed to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical teaching skills. This course offers aspiring educators an immersive experience in real classroom settings under the mentorship of experienced teachers. Candidates engage in a range of activities, including observation, to develop a deeper understanding of classroom dynamics, student engagement, and effective instructional strategies. Emphasizing reflective practice, the course encourages participants to analyze their experiences, integrate feedback, and adapt their teaching methods accordingly. This experiential learning approach equips future teachers with the confidence and competence necessary to foster a positive and impactful learning environment for their students.

Student Teaching II is the final part of a two-part series and is a mandatory course for all candidates seeking initial licensure. The course offers a supervised classroom experience in a real-world setting, allowing candidates to demonstrate professional ethics and dispositions, collaborate with experienced teachers, and implement instructional strategies. Building on the responsibilities and skills developed in Student Teaching I, candidates receive ongoing feedback through observations and a final evaluation. This evaluation assesses activities' relevance and cultural engagement, the effectiveness of teaching each student, the ability to analyze and adjust teaching methods, and the willingness to explore new materials and methods. Successful completion of Student Teaching II is a crucial step in the licensure process, as it determines eligibility for licensure as a professional educator. Additionally, the course features synchronous learning sessions that delve into professional development topics such as professional growth opportunities, ethical decision making, and self-care. Candidates must attend the required synchronous learning sessions in addition to their classroom placement.

Student Teaching I is the first part of a two-part series and is a mandatory course for all candidates seeking initial licensure. This course provides a supervised classroom experience in a real-world setting, allowing candidates to demonstrate and reflect upon professional ethics and dispositions, collaborate with experienced teachers, and implement instructional strategies rooted in students' learning and developmental patterns. Building on the responsibilities and skills developed in Advanced Clinical, candidates will receive ongoing feedback through observations and evaluations. Feedback will encourage candidates to reflect on their commitment to professional practices as educators, analyze and adjust teaching methods, and explore new teaching materials and methods that are culturally relevant. Additionally, the course features synchronous learning sessions that delve into communication and collaboration, accepting feedback, creating positive learning environments, and technology and online learning. Candidates must attend the required synchronous learning sessions in addition to their classroom placement.

The course "Laboratory Safety" aims at equipping learners with essential safety knowledge and skills for various learning environments, including laboratories, classrooms, and field settings. Learners in this course will deeply understand safety protocols, legal responsibilities, and effective teaching strategies for safety in educational settings.

Secondary Disciplinary Literacy is a cutting-edge course designed for candidates seeking to enhance their literacy skills within specific secondary academic disciplines. The course examines the distinct literacy needs of various secondary content areas, focusing on how reading, writing, speaking, and listening function differently in each discipline. Candidates will explore specialized language structures and text features relevant to each field and develop strategies to help students master these complexities. The curriculum integrates the science of reading to support critical engagement with and production of disciplinary texts, while also incorporating technology and digital literacy to aid students in accessing and interpreting discipline-specific information. The course combines research-based evidence with practical, structured literacy activities to equip educators with the skills necessary to improve student achievement and understanding across all subjects. This course is a required component in SCED programs and will be assessed through a performance assessment task for both undergraduate and graduate versions.

General Secondary Methods prepares students for secondary teaching by equipping them with essential instructional skills and knowledge tailored to adolescent learners. Students will explore how adolescent development influences learning, how secondary school settings influence instructional choices, and how to implement effective teaching strategies in these environments. Through a blend of theory and practical application, students will create and assess lesson plans, focusing on differentiated instruction, formative and summative assessments, and the integration of technology, including AI tools, to promote affective learning in diverse secondary education settings.

This course focuses on equipping secondary science educators with the essential knowledge and skills to effectively teach science through a three-dimensional approach, integrating science and engineering practices, crosscutting concepts, and disciplinary core ideas. Participants will explore general considerations for science instruction, including inquiry-based learning, hands-on activities, and assessment strategies. By building on foundational knowledge in Three-Dimensional Science and Engineering, educators will enhance their ability to engage students in meaningful and authentic scientific learning experiences. This methods course will count towards 7 hours of the 51 total clinical hours that learners will gain from their SCED methods courses.