This course explores the essential concepts and processes related to Earth's natural resources, focusing on the interactions between land, water, and air. Students will analyze how human activities impact these resources and examine the scientific, technological, and policy-driven efforts to manage and remediate environmental issues. Through case studies and real-world examples, the course emphasizes sustainable practices and the role of innovative solutions in addressing global challenges. By the end of the course, students will be equipped to critically evaluate resource management strategies and contribute to environmental sustainability.

General Geology offers a comprehensive exploration of Earth's dynamic systems, emphasizing the interaction of geological processes that shape our planet. Students will engage in a rigorous study of Earth's materials, surface processes, and the forces driving tectonic movements, with an emphasis on both local and global geological phenomena. Through interactive activities, including simulations, and mapping tools, learners will connect historical geological evidence to the evolution of the Earth and its life forms. The course is designed for educators aiming to enhance their pedagogical approaches to teaching geology. No prior geological knowledge is required, making this course accessible and essential for anyone interested in understanding the Earth's past, present, and future.

Meteorology provides an in-depth exploration of Earth's atmospheric and hydrospheric systems, examining the complex interactions that govern climate and weather patterns. Students will investigate the fundamental concepts of atmospheric circulation, weather systems, and climate dynamics, linking these to the hydrosphere's critical role. The course progresses to a detailed analysis of the Earth's evolving climate, focusing on both natural and anthropogenic factors that have shaped the current state of the atmosphere and hydrosphere. By integrating scientific principles with practical applications, students will gain a comprehensive understanding of how climate systems operate and evolve, preparing them to assess and address future environmental challenges.

Astronomy explores the fundamental principles of the universe, focusing on the lifecycle of stars, the structure of our solar system, and the dynamics of the Sun-Earth-Moon system. In this course, students learn about the analysis of starlight spectra and brightness to determine the composition, movement, and distance of stars. Kepler’s laws are examined to explain the motions of orbiting celestial bodies and the factors that influence their paths. Students will also learn how the cyclical changes in Earth’s orbit and axial orientation affect climate over geological time scales. Additionally, students will build on their geological knowledge by studying extraterrestrial objects, such as lunar rocks and meteorites, to gain insights into Earth's formation and history.

Natural Hazards delves into the complex and dynamic processes that govern Earth's natural systems and the hazards they produce. Students will explore how the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere interact to create natural events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, floods, and tsunamis. The course emphasizes the role of plate tectonics in generating lithospheric hazards, analyzing how movements within the Earth's crust lead to earthquakes and volcanic activities. Additionally, students will learn about the formation of atmospheric hazards, including how climate patterns and atmospheric circulation contribute to contribute to hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes. Students will examine how human activities impact the frequency and intensity of natural hazards and how natural hazards influence human behavior. By the end of the course, students will have a comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles underlying natural hazards and will be equipped to analyze and address the challenges posed by these events in both natural and human-altered environments.

Environmental Management with Lab is an introductory course for undergraduate students seeking initial licensure or endorsement in secondary science education. This course provides a comprehensive overview of the principles and practices essential for understanding and managing the environment sustainably. This course focuses on sustainable use of energy, water, and other natural resources, as well as pollution of air, water, and land. Through hands-on labs and real-world examples, candidates will gain practical experience in environmental impact assessments and water and air quality monitoring. This course is assessed via a Performance Assessment.

Probability and Statistics offers candidates a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental principles of probability theory and statistical analysis, specifically designed for educators and aspiring statisticians. Beginning with the basics, students will explore essential concepts such as probability rules, conditional probability, and counting techniques, learning how to apply these in real-world contexts and effectively communicate them to K-12 students. Students will then learn sampling methods and estimation techniques, equipping them with the knowledge to gather, analyze, and interpret representative data for statistical analysis. Finally, students will focus on hypothesis testing and statistical inference, where they will learn to conduct and interpret various tests, including confidence intervals, using statistical software. Through a blend of interactive simulations, scenario-based challenges, and reflective activities, this course prepares students to apply these statistical tools in educational settings and beyond, fostering data-driven decision-making and effective teaching practices.

UG Secondary Earth Science Curriculum prepares students to develop and evaluate Earth Science curricula for secondary education by examining the foundational principles of Earth's processes, materials, and their interactions within the broader context of the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and the universe. The course delves into the relationships between the Earth, Sun, and Moon, the dynamics of the Earth's internal and external systems, and the characteristics and life cycles of stars and planets. Learners will explore the structure and behavior of Earth's components, as well as celestial phenomena, equipping them with the knowledge necessary to effectively teach these concepts in secondary education settings. This course lays the groundwork for understanding and conveying the complexities of Earth and space science, preparing learners for impactful instruction in the classroom. Through practical examples and interactive activities, students will enhance their ability to design effective curricula that foster student engagement and understanding in Earth Science.

General Ecology offers an in-depth exploration of how ecosystems function and interact. Candidates will study both biotic and abiotic factors that play crucial roles in sustaining ecological balance. Key topics include the flow of energy through food chains and webs, nutrient cycling, and the dynamics of populations—covering growth models, carrying capacity, and factors influencing population size and structure. The course examines species interactions such as competition, predation, and symbiosis, and explores community structure and biodiversity. Candidates will learn about primary and secondary succession and how these processes shape ecosystems over time. Additionally, the course addresses conservation principles and practices, with a focus on analyzing human impacts on ecosystems and exploring strategies for sustainability. Through this course, candidates will gain a comprehensive understanding of the intricate web of life that sustains our planet.