You may not realize it, but you likely use embedded systems almost every day—from telling Alexa to turn off your lights to streaming your favorite songs in your car. An embedded system is a combination of hardware and software designed to perform a specific task within a larger mechanical or electrical system. 

It’s thanks to embedded software engineers that these systems help make users’ lives safer and more convenient. But what exactly do these engineers do to make that happen?

This career guide discusses the role of embedded software engineers, including their responsibilities, required skills, educational background, and how to become one. Read on to learn more.

What Is an Embedded Software Engineer?

Embedded software engineers differ from traditional software engineers. Rather than creating dedicated computer software programs and applications, embedded software engineers develop highly specific software tightly integrated with hardware devices. Embedded system software—sometimes called “firmware”—is often present in automotive braking systems, pacemakers, smart appliances, home security systems, and more.

Since systems using embedded technology don’t look or function like traditional computers and typically have limited memory and processing resources, embedded software engineers are trained to optimize software for efficiency and reliability.

What Does an Embedded Software Engineer Do?

Embedded software engineers use their knowledge of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and programming languages like C and C++ to build software solutions for a wide array of use cases across several industries, including the automotive industry, healthcare, telecommunications, and consumer electronics.

They perform tasks like:

• Writing low-level code that interacts directly with hardware.
• Working with microcontrollers and microprocessors to manage how devices behave.
• Debugging and testing firmware using tools like oscilloscopes and emulators.
• Collaborating with hardware engineers to ensure seamless hardware-to-software integration.
• Using real-time operating systems for time-sensitive operations.
• Maintaining detailed documentation for system designs, processes, and updates.
• Meeting industry-specific compliance and safety standards.

Many embedded software engineers are well versed in computer engineering and architecture, which entails core computer science principles and a working knowledge of internal computing parts like CPUs and circuit boards.

How Do I Become an Embedded Software Engineer?

To become an embedded software engineer, you should first determine how much education and professional experience you need to achieve your career goals. Consider following these steps:

• Earn a bachelor’s degree in computer science, software engineering, computer engineering, or a similar subject. These degree programs teach fundamentals of programming, operating systems, software and hardware interfaces, and digital logic design.
• Earn a relevant master’s degree. While not always required, a master’s degree in software engineering, computer science, or a related field can boost your earning potential and increase your opportunities for career advancement.
• Earn certifications. Industry-recognized certifications like Certified Embedded System Engineer (CESE) and ARM Accredited Engineer (AAE) can provide you a competitive edge in the job market and validate your expertise.
• Gain experience. Securing an internship or entry-level job in embedded software development or software engineering can expose you to the daily tasks and workplace atmosphere of embedded software engineers.
• Continue your education. Learning embedded systems doesn’t happen just once. As embedded technology evolves, you should stay up to date by joining online forums, attending conferences, and maintaining a portfolio of projects.

What Skills Does an Embedded Software Engineer Need?

Successful embedded software engineers develop a balance of technical and soft skills. These include:

• Proficiency in programming languages like C, C++, Python, and Assembly.
• Knowledge of microcontrollers like ARM Cortex and real-time operating systems (RTOS).
• Understanding of hardware interfaces such as UART, SPI, I2C.
• Experience with debugging tools like JTAG debuggers and logic analyzers.
• Familiarity with version control systems like Git.
• Strong problem-solving abilities to troubleshoot complex issues.
• Excellent communication for collaborating with multidisciplinary teams.
• Attention to detail for writing efficient code and documenting project developments.

How Much Does an Embedded Software Engineer Make?

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the average salaries for computer hardware engineers and software engineers in May 2024 were $155,020 and $133,080, respectively. Embedded software engineers can expect to earn a similar amount on average, with salaries ranging from about $90,000 to $200,000, depending on factors like education, experience, and location.

What Is the Projected Job Growth?

The BLS states that employment of computer hardware engineers and software engineers is projected to grow by 7% and 17%, respectively, from 2023 to 2033. Embedded software engineers can expect similar job growth.

How Long Does It Take to Become an Embedded Software Engineer?

The timeline to become an embedded software engineer typically includes:

• Four years in a traditional bachelor’s degree program.
• Additional one to two years for a master’s degree, if pursued.
• Gaining practical experience through internships or entry-level roles during or after graduation.

Online degree programs like those at WGU can be completed more quickly thanks to competency-based learning, which allows students to progress through coursework as fast as they master the material.

Where Does an Embedded Software Engineer Work?

Embedded software engineers are employed across various industries:

• Automotive: Developing software for vehicle control systems.
• Healthcare: Designing programs for medical devices like ventilators and imaging machines.
• Consumer electronics: Building firmware for smartphones, smart home devices, and IoT systems.
• Aerospace: Creating flight control systems for aircraft and drones.
• Telecommunications: Implementing network hardware solutions.

The work environment of embedded software engineers can range from corporate offices to research labs. Remote work opportunities for embedded software engineers are also growing due to advancements in collaborative technologies.